A trullo (plural, trulli) is a traditional and distinctive stone dwelling with a conical roof that can be found in the Itria Valley, in the region of Puglia and close by to Basilicata.

Traditionally they were built without cement or mortar, a building style which is also reflected in the many dry-stone walls you will see in the countryside of this area.

The pretty town of Alberobello is found on the heart of the Trulli valley and is a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site, made up of approximately 400 Trulli. (Trulli can also be found in Locorotondo, Fasano, Cisternino, Martina Franca and Ceglie Messapica.)

There are many theories behind the origin of the Trulli design, the most popular one being that due to high taxation on property the people of Puglia created dry wall constructions so that they could be dismantled when inspectors were in the area!

Did you know that Trulli can also be found in Rheinhessen (wine region) of Germany, build in 18th century by vineyard workers (some from Apulia) as huts.

The Caves of Castellana

Close by are the caves of Castellana, a 3 km network of underground caves discovered in 1938 by Franco Anelli. The caves are rich with multicoloured stalagmites, stalactites, lakes and underground caverns...included the White Grotto, a showcase of pure white speleothems, stalactites, stalagmites, curtains, calcite crystals, and helictites. The caves are the most famous showcase caves in Italy.

Visit: www.grottedicastellana.it for more details.

You could also visit the near by coastal villages such as Ostuni (known as the white city), and Polignano to enjoy some of the historic centres and beaches ...

To eat:

For a very special treat when the weather allows, visit Grotta Palazzese, a high class restaurant in a spectacular setting, suspended above a grotto by the sea.

Booking recommended and rooms also available. Via Narciso, 59 – Polignano a Mare, Tel: +39 80 4240677 web: www.grottapalazzese.it

Distance and directions (from Irsina):

90 kms (1 hour 15 mins). Exit Irsina form the north (new part of the town), follow signs down the hill for Matera and join the SS96. Turn right towards Bari/Matera and follow for Bari. When you reach Altamura, turn for Santermo (SS171) and follow for Gioa del Colle and then Alberobello (SP239, SS604).

For the caves of Castellana Grotte (15km), follow for Putignano (SS172) and then for Castellana.